The ableist conflation by Joel Reynolds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The ableist conflation by Joel Reynolds - Essay Example As many groups have done, disabled people have been engaged in what Anspach calls â€Å"identity politics†; politics that endeavor not only to change society’s conception and response to disabled people, but also to change the self-concepts of disabled people themselves. The work of disabled people in changing how they think about themselves continues, as the disability community struggles for self-definition and self-determination, as well as for civil rights. One of the most important problems facing the political struggle of people with disabilities is the necessity of developing a positive sense of identity. The very idea of a positive disability identity flies in the face of long-standing social â€Å"wisdom† about disability. The reason for this lies in the cultural beliefs about disability that have determined the status and perceptions of disabled people in our society today. Historically, disabled people were viewed as social and moral deviants, violations of the natural and cosmic order of the universe (Reynold, J). The response to such â€Å"deviance† was to protect society by separating disabled people from society in asylums, jails, basements, attics, etc. Disabled people were not considered fully human, had no role in society, and no basis for a positive social identity The theories of psychosocial identity development in onset disability, particularly minority identity development, provide a useful framework for exploring the concept of disability identity development as a minority culture phenomenon. Within the literature of identity development, few theorists have explicitly addressed the issue of disability, yet the models provide fertile ground for exploration. In contrast, an extensive body of rehabilitation literature exists that is grounded in the medical view of disability that has generated research findings that support and reinforce a medical

Raman Spectroscopy of Toluene and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Lab Report

Raman Spectroscopy of Toluene and Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Rhodamine 6G - Lab Report Example In Raman spectroscopy, light and matter interacts. Both IR and Raman vibrational bands are described by their frequency (i.e energy), band shape, and intensity. At low frequencies, the fingerprint region is found for most compounds. Raman spectroscopy is much easier to use at low frequencies compared to IR, this is because at low frequencies very many bands are visible on the spectrum. With Raman spectroscopy, it is possible to reject the laser beam at low frequency modes; this would minimize the bands that are seen at the fingerprint region. With IR, this is not possible, and as a result the spectrum cannot be refined to reduce the congestion of peaks. Toluene (methylbenzene) has a CH3 group attached to the benzene ring, for IR spectroscopy, the CH3 group exists at just below 1500 cm-1. This is just at the start of the fingerprint region; therefore Raman spectroscopy would be much better at elucidating its structure over IR. Fluorescence is a spectrochemical method of analysis where the molecules of the analyte are excited by irradiation at a certain wavelength and emit radiation of a different wavelength. The emission spectrum provides information for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When light of an appropriate wavelength is absorbed by a molecule (i.e., excitation), the electronic state of the molecule changes from the ground state to one of many vibrational levels in one of the excited electronic states. The excited electronic state is usually the first excited singlet state, S1 (Figure 1). Once the molecule is in this excited state, relaxation can occur through several processes. Fluorescence is one of these processes and results in the emission of light. Fluorescence corresponds to the relaxation of the molecule from the singlet excited state to the singlet ground state with emission of light. Fluorescence has short lifetime (~10-8 sec) so that in many molecules it can compete favorably with collision deactivation, intersystem crossing and